4 .TH MH-ALIAS %manext5% "%nmhdate%" MH.6.8 [%nmhversion%]
6 mh-alias \- alias file for nmh message system
14 personal alias files and
15 the global alias file for
17 mail delivery, the file
25 describe aliases files used by the message transport system.
26 Each line of the alias file has the format:
54 .IR address\-group " := " address\-list
56 .RI " | = " UNIX\-group
57 .RI " | + " UNIX\-group
60 .IR address\-list " := " address
61 .RI " | " address\-list ", " address
65 Continuation lines in alias files end with `\\' followed by the newline
68 .RI \*(lq Alias\-file \*(rq
73 is a group name (or number) from
75 An address is a \*(lqsimple\*(rq
76 Internet\-style address. Througout this file, case is ignored, except
79 If the line starts with a `<', then the file named after the `<' is
80 read for more alias definitions. The reading is done recursively, so a
81 `<' may occur in the beginning of an alias file with the expected results.
85 starts with a `<', then the file named after the
86 `<' is read and its contents are added to the
92 starts with an `=', then the file
94 is consulted for the UNIX\-group named after the `='. Each login name
95 occurring as a member of the group is added to the
101 starts with a `+', then the file
103 is consulted to determine the group\-id of the
104 UNIX\-group named after the `+'. Each login name occurring in the
106 file whose group\-id is indicated by this group is
113 is simply `*', then the file
115 is consulted and all login names with a userid
116 greater than some magic number (usually 200) are added to the
120 In match, a trailing \*(lq*\*(rq on an alias will match just about anything
121 appropriate. (See example below.)
123 An approximation of the way aliases are resolved at posting time is
124 (it's not really done this way):
128 Build a list of all addresses from the message to be delivered,
129 eliminating duplicate addresses.
132 If this draft originated on the local host, then for those addresses in
133 the message that have no host specified, perform alias resolution.
136 For each line in the alias file, compare \*(lqalias\*(rq against all of
137 the existing addresses. If a match, remove the matched \*(lqalias\*(rq
138 from the address list, and add each new address in the address\-group to
139 the address list if it is not already on the list. The alias itself is
140 not usually output, rather the address\-group that the alias maps to is
141 output instead. If \*(lqalias\*(rq is terminated with a `;' instead of
142 a `:', then both the \*(lqalias\*(rq and the address are output in the
143 correct format. (This makes replies possible since
146 and personal aliases are unknown to the mail transport system.)
149 Since the alias file is read line by line, forward references work, but
150 backward references are not recognized, thus, there is no recursion.
156 <%etcdir%/BBoardAliases
157 sgroup: fred, fear, freida
158 b-people: Blind List: bill, betty;
160 UNIX\-committee: <unix.aliases
168 The first line says that more aliases should immediately be read from
170 .IR %etcdir%/BBoardAliases .
171 Following this, \*(lqfred\*(rq
172 is defined as an alias for \*(lqfrated@UCI\*(rq, and \*(lqsgroup\*(rq
173 is defined as an alias for the three names \*(lqfrated@UCI\*(rq,
174 \*(rqfear\*(rq, and \*(rqfreida\*(rq.
176 The alias \*(lqb-people\*(rq is a blind list which includes the addresses
177 \*(lqbill\*(rq and \*(lqbetty\*(rq; the message will be delieved to those
178 addresses, but the message header will show only \*(lqBlind List: ;\*(rq
181 Next, the definition of \*(lqUNIX\-committee\*(rq is given by
187 \*(lqstaff\*(rq is defined as all users who are listed as members of the
188 group \*(lqstaff\*(rq in the
190 file, and \*(lqwheels\*(rq
191 is defined as all users whose group\-id in
193 is equivalent to the \*(lqwheel\*(rq group.
195 Finally, \*(lqeveryone\*(rq is defined as all users with a user\-id
198 greater than 200, and all aliases of the form
199 \*(lqnews.<anything>\*(rq are defined to be \*(lqnews\*(rq.
201 The key thing to understand about aliasing in
205 alias files are expanded into the headers of messages posted.
206 This aliasing occurs first, at posting time, without the knowledge of the
207 message transport system. In contrast, once the message transport system
208 is given a message to deliver to a list of addresses, for each address
209 that appears to be local, a system\-wide alias file is consulted. These
212 expanded into the headers of messages delivered.
217 quickly, do the following:
222 .IR \&.mh\(ruprofile ,
223 choose a name for your alias file, say
224 .RI \*(lq aliases \*(rq,
230 .\" ali: \-alias aliases
231 .\" send: \-alias aliases
232 .\" whom: \-alias aliases
238 .RI \*(lq aliases \*(rq
244 Start adding aliases to your
245 .RI \*(lq aliases \*(rq
252 .ta \w'%etcdir%/ExtraBigFileName 'u
253 ^%etcdir%/MailAliases~^global nmh alias file
256 .SH "PROFILE COMPONENTS"
260 .ta \w'ExtraBigProfileName 'u
261 ^Aliasfile:~^For a default alias file
265 ali(1), send(1), whom(1), group(5), passwd(5), conflict(8), post(8)
271 Although the forward-referencing semantics of
273 files prevent recursion, the
274 .RI \*(lq< " alias\-file" \*(rq
275 command may defeat this.
276 Since the number of file descriptors is finite (and very limited), such
277 infinite recursion will terminate with a meaningless diagnostic when
278 all the fds are used up.
280 Forward references do not work correctly inside blind lists.